In contrast, incubation with human albumin or insulin, which are serum proteins, reduced both extracellular activation markers and intracellular cytokine expression and subsequently increased the number of T-reg cells. Incubation with β-actin or glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), which are cytoplasmic proteins, increased the expression of both extracellular activation markers (CD69 and HLA-DR) and intracellular cytokines but did not significantly affect the number of T-reg cells. The effects of these proteins on the downstream immune-system response, on the expression of extracellular activation markers on and intracellular cytokines in T lymphocytes, and on the number of regulatory T cells (T-reg cells) were investigated via flow cytometry. Human whole-blood samples were incubated with four different human proteins. This study assessed in detail the influence of four different human proteins on the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and on the formation of regulatory T cells. Activation of CD4 and CD8 T cell receptors and regulatory T cells in response to human proteins.
For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital of the Universities of Giessen and Marburg UKGM, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Hessen, Germany DOI 10.7717/peerj.4462 Published Accepted Received Academic Editor Giuseppe Nocentini Subject Areas Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Immunology, Internal Medicine, Pathology, Pediatrics Keywords Regulatory T cells, CD4+ T helper cells, Lymphocytes, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, Interferon-gamma Copyright © 2018 Arneth Licence This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed.